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It returns to pre-pregnancy values toward the end of pregnancy.Hypertension is common in Canada, affecting one quarter of all adults. It decreases about halfway through the first trimester until mid-pregnancy due to progesterone effects that relax the walls of blood vessels, causing decreased peripheral vascular resistance.

Blood pressure varies throughout the duration of pregnancy.

Have the peer take your blood pressure again, and then lie down and rest for five minutes. Then, run on the spot or do some other cardiac activity for five minutes. Blood pressure returns to baseline within five minutes of rest following activity.

The sympathetic nervous system is stimulated by exercise, stress, anxiety, pain, anger, and fear, which increases blood pressure.

Blood pressure can be higher in people who are obese because the heart has to work harder to perfuse the body’s tissues.

This is one reason why healthcare providers document the time a client’s blood pressure is taken. Try it out: take your blood pressure when you wake up in the morning and then again in late afternoon, and note the difference.

The diurnal cycle influences blood pressure to be lower in the morning and increase throughout the day until early evening.

When determining risk for high blood pressure, it is important to consider ethnicity as a contributing factor.

Research has revealed that ethnicity may be a predictor of blood pressure, but this causation is not necessarily biological, but rather sociocultural.

After puberty, females have lower blood pressure than males, whereas after menopause females have higher blood pressure than males.

Blood pressure is similar in childhood for males and females.

The general pattern is that blood pressure rises with age, so normal variations tend to be higher for older adults.

For example, a blood pressure of 90/50 mm Hg may be normal for a healthy, asymptomatic 20-year-old adult.įactors that influence blood pressure include age, sex, ethnicity, weight, exercise, emotions/stress, pregnancy, and diurnal rhythm as well as medication use and disease processes.

The healthcare provider considers the client’s baseline blood pressure and the client’s current health state in conjunction with subjective data and other objective data. For example, in adults, normal blood pressure can range from 95–145/60–90 mm Hg. However, this is only an average and the healthcare provider needs to consider acceptable ranges for individual clients. The average blood pressure for an adult is sometimes noted as 120/80 mm Hg.

Vital Sign Measurement Across the Lifespan – 1st Canadian edition What Should the Healthcare Provider Consider?įinding the Error Activity: Blood Pressureįinding the Error Activity: Blood Pressure – FeedbackĬase Study 2: Pediatric Client (continued)Ĭase Study 3: Pregnant Adult Client (continued)Ĭase Study 4: Older Adult Client (continued)Ĭase Study 5: Adolescent Client (continued) Test Yourself: List in the Correct Order – Answers

What are Normal Oxygen Saturation Levels?įinding the Error Activity 1: Pulse Oximetryįinding the Error Activity 1: Pulse Oximetry – Feedbackįinding the Error Activity 2: Pulse Oximetryįinding the Error Activity 2: Pulse Oximetry – Feedback Test Yourself: List in the Correct Order – Answersįinding the Error Activity: Radial Pulse – Feedbackįinding the Error Activity: Infant Apical Pulseįinding the Error Activity: Infant Apical Pulse – Answer General Points to Consider in Vital Sign Measurementįinding the Error Activity: Tympanic Temperatureįinding the Error Activity: Tympanic Temperature – Feedback